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The purpose of this book is to inspire fellow explorers. We can all look at our own personal maps and cast off for unknown domains where we will encouter new challenges. We can accept that failure is necessay part of success.
What we make of the future is defined not only by our past but by how well we understand and make use of that past.
About all , we must be conscious of every decision we make. Not only in evaluating each future course of action but in looking back to analyse our past choices and the effectiveness of the process by which we made them.
This is the book all about.
Your life is your preparation.
生活就是准备，
棋如人生，
i wish all of us can make the right move and
Happy new year in 2012：）
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readingnote:
(仅有天赋并不足够）1.Even if you are blessed with talent it may never be realized unless many other factors are present, and it is more worth to focus on the factors we can better observe and influence.
（每次行动都反应了一次决策）2.Every single move reflects a decision and, with enough time, it can be analysed to scientific perfection whether or not each decision was the most effective.
（高手有其“高”的地方）3.What makes someone a better manager, a better writer, a better chess player? For there can be no doubt that not everyone performs at the same level or has the capacity to do so.
（首先，我们需要计划）4.What is critical is to find our own paths to reach our peaks, to develop our talents, improve our skills, and to seek out and conquer the challenges we need to push us to the highest level. And to do all this we first need a plan.
（频繁变化等于没计划）5.Change can be essential, but it should only be made with careful consideration and just cause. Losing can persuade you to change what doesn’t need to be changed and winning can convince you everything is fine even if you are on the brink of disaster. If you are quick to blame faulty strategy and change it all the time, you really don’t have any strategy at all. Only when the environment shifts radically should you consider a change in fundamentals.
（灵活和持久的临界点）6.We must walk a fine line between flexibility and consistency. A strategist must have faith in his strategy and the courage to follow it through and still be open-minded enough to realize when a change of course is required.
（成功时也要警惕）7.Success is seldom analysed as closely as failure and we are always quick to attribute our victories to superiority, rather than circumstance. When things are going well it is even more important to question. Over-confidence leads to mistakes, a feeling that anything is good enough.
（知道问自己什么问题）8.We must know what questions to ask and ask them frequently. Have conditions changed in a way that necessitates a change in strategy, or is a small adjustment all that is required? Have fundamental goals changed for some reason? Avoid change for the sake of change.
（不要让竞争蒙蔽了你的真正目标）9.We must also avoid being distracted away from our strategic path by the competition.
10.Often an opponent is so eager to get you to change your course that he fatally weakens his own position in the attempt.
（保持谨慎，勤于分析）11.We must have faith in our analysis, the courage of our convictions. We must constantly monitor the conditions that will make our strategy succeed or fail. We stay on track with rigorous questioning of our results, both good and bad, and our ongoing decisions.
（牛人们的良性循环）12.Every leader in every field, every successful company or individual, has got to the top by working harder and focusing better than someone else. The top achievers believe in themselves and their plans and they work constantly to ensure those plans are worthy of their belief. It becomes a positive cycle, work reinforcing desire that spurs more work.
（自我质疑）13.Questioning yourself must become a habit, one strong enough to surmount the obstacles of over-confidence and dejection. It is a muscle that can be developed only with constant practice.
（知道自己想要的）14.To make the right mover we have to know what we’re looking for, what we are after. No quantity of analysis can give us the answer to this question.
（直觉离不开分析）15.No matter how much practice you have and how much you trust your gut instincts, analysis is essential.
（决策树要不停修剪，变得更有效）16.The decision tree must be constantly pruned to be effective. Mental discipline is required to move from one variation to the next, discarding the less promising moves and following up the better ones. If you jump around too much also have a sense of when to stop. This can come either when you have reached a satisfactory conclusion- a path that is clearly the best, or essential= or when further analysis won’t return enough value for the time spent.
（关于想象力）17.Invoking imagination here is not in contradiction of the need for discipline. Creativity and order must reign together to guide calculation. Circumstances and instinct inform us when it is necessary to break the routine. The best move might be so obvious that it’s not necessary to spend time working out the details, especially if time is of the essence. This is rare, however, and it is often when we assume something is obvious and react hastily that we make a mistake. More often we should break routine by doing more analysis, not less. These are the moments when your instincts tell you that there is something lurking below the surface, or that a critical juncture has been reached and a deeper look is required.
（分析是必要的）18.As with all skills, calculation and the imagination that guides it must be used regularly and pushed to their limits if they are to improve. Many chess players shy away from complex positions because they are unsure of their calculation skills. This becomes a destructive, self-perpetuating cycle. If we avoid concrete analysis, relying only on our instincts, those instincts will never be properly trained. It’s good to follow our intuition, as long as we make sure we aren’t avoiding the work that’s required to know whether or not our judgement is correct.
（每个人都有其独特的风格）19.Unfortunately there are as many reasons for failure as there are for success. It is impossible to make broad generalizations.Each player has his or her own reasons for success or failure.
(走出安全区）20.The more you experiment, the more successful your experiments will be. If we are going to get the most out of the talent we are born with we have to be preparedto analyse ourselves critically and improve our weakest points. The easiest thing is to rely on talent and focus only on what do well. It's true that you want to play to your strengths, but if there is too much of an imbalance growth is limited. The fastest way to improve overall is work on your weak spot.
（自信总是好的）21.It's much better to be a little over-confident than the opposite. Attitude is a lttle thing that makes a big difference. If we trust in your abilities they will repay us.
(能够非常勤奋，也是一种天赋）22.Why isn't the capacity for hard work considered a natural gift?
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下面是独立的笔记，
关于准备(preparation）
1、We can't all have the single-minded dedication of an Alekhine. Few lives and few endeavour permit such devotion. But the key are self-awarness and consistency.Steady effort pays off, even if not always in an immediate, tangible way.
2. These periods of intense preparation were rewarded with good results even when i hadn't used the fruits of my labour. There was an almost mystucak correlation between work ad achievement with no direct tie between them.
There is also a practical side of such "wasted" effort,since there is such a great degree of overlap in most undertakings. Work leads to knowledge and knowledge is never wasted. Even if our weapons remain sheathed, our opponents might be cowed by a reputation for nasty surprises.
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关于评估形势，作出良好的决策（Evaluation)
三个因素考虑:Time, material, quality
There is no universal formula for evaluation. We get caught up in standardized rhetoric and end up with something that doesn't fit our unique needs. For the most part we all know what we like and make decisions accordingly, but under pressure we can easily be confused and lose sight of our goals. The little things are hard to keep in mind when there are so many big things, so it's no surprise that it;s the so-called "small stuff" that cause the most problem.
Where many fail is by over-dependence on the areas they best understand.
Most if the time we will have to balance , exchange and evaluate over and over. If we do this well enough to blend material, ttime and quality into a multi-dimensional evaluation, we again a clear idea of what we want and can then paln on how to achieve it.
When we see all the factors we can then learn how to shift them and build them. without expanding our powers of evaluation we risk fulfilling . Nowadays people know the price of everthing and the value of nothing.
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关于动态平衡，如何优势最大化（Imbalance)
If we are sensitive to our vulnerabilities and negative imbalances we can factor them into our strategy. One imbalance is rarely decisive. We must be able to see when a confulence if forming and whether or not it is in our favour.
There are imbalance in our daily lives and we constantly struggle to transform them positively. Gaining control means finding the most favourable balance and working constantly to make positive exchange.
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关于创新,竞争及领导力
The less visible but even more vital reason to invest in research and innovation is that you have to stay on the cutting edge if you are going to make a big impact. You can't suddenly switch from follower to leaders, because only the leader can see what's coming around the bend. Even the most successful imitators eventually become innovators if they want to expand their territory and become more successful. Those who fail to make this transition are ussually supplanted by other imitators. As risky as innovaion can be , failing to innovate is riskier still.
The only way to survive is to keep moving up the pyramid. You can't stay at the bottom, the competition there is too fierce. There will alwasys be newcomers with advantages to attack at the bottom. Innovation is quite literally about survial. The survive we have to keep evolving.(这段大爱，很有启发，任何领域都是呈现金字塔模型，要通过自己的毅力和耐心逐渐往上爬，一直在底层意味着你要承受所有的痛苦）
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关于我们整个决策过程(The decision-making process)
Everything we have considered has pointed towards the makeing of better decisons. For a stragety to become reality, decisions must be made. For evaluations to be turned into results, they must lead to decisions. After we have prepared , planned, analysed, calculated and evaluated, we have to choose a course of action.
Results matter, of course , and it's hard to argue that the move i make on the board is less important than the method i use to find that move. Results are the feedback we ge on the quality of our decison-making. If you follow all the right steps and come out wtih the wrong answer, something has clearly gone wrong, Still, we can't put all our faith in single result, good or bad. Doing things the right way matters.(所以数学题当中，过程正确，答案错，能得大半分噢！）
We make decison every moment of every day and few of them require particular preparation or the development of a specific strategy.,But it is still important to be aware of how these constant decisons do or do not fit in with our larger goals, with the big picture. Even trivial choices about what to eat for breakfast involve thinking about our plans for the rest of the day--and perhaps consdierable agonizing if we are on a diet.
Thinking about why a story is being told can trach us more than the story.
This mentality requires us to overcome the desire to release the tension.Many bad decisions come from wanting to just get the process over and escape the pressure of having to make the decision. This is the worst type of haste,an unforced error.Resist no penalty in delaying it ,use the time to improve your evaluation to gather more information and examine other options.
One of the best ways to improve our decison-making process is to take the initiative, which puts positive pressure on you while challenging your competition. I like to say that thte attacker always has the advantage.
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攻击手的优势，和风险，好喜欢这个！（The Attacker's Advantage)
It's acceptable to refer to a CEO's management style as aggressive in a positive way. But the average employee can't be agressive and, depending on the field, even ambition can be viewed with suspicion.
Putting limits on our ambition puts mlimits on our achievement. Having an aggressive philosophy also applies to being aggressive with ourselves. It's not about being a nice guy or not,it;s about constantly challenging ourselves, our enviroment, and those around us. it's the opposite of moral and physicial complacency.
While everyone has a unique way to remain motivated, we thrive on competition and taht means beating someone else, not just setting a personal best. Ask the Olympic runner who breaks his personal record, or even the wrold record, and finishes a close second how good he feels, We don;t need to wonder if he would trade a tenth of a second for a gold medal instead of silver.
We all work harder , run faster , when we know someone is right on our heels.
Finishing second is definitely better than finishing third and is far better than finishing last. The platitudes about winning being the "Only thing" are as banel as the ones about winning not being important at all. What concerns us is how to develop our own systen if cibtrikked aggression to make us better at what we do. Aggression in this context means dynanmism, innovatin, improvement , courage,risk, and a willinegness to take action.
we have to learn the value of unbalancing the situation and taking the initiative.
Being a step ahead mans we can keep our opponents off balance, shifting and moving in order to provike weaknesses.
The tougher the competition, the higher the stakes, the more risk is likely to be required to succeed.
All our planning and evaluation skills are academic if they aren;t combined with the nerve to employ them and to strike when the opportunity arises. There are concrete practical benefits to having an aggressive approach, If YOU ARE ALREADY IN A FIGHT YOU WANT TO FIRST BLOW TO BE THE LAST, AND YOU HAD BETTER BE THE ONE TO THROW IT.
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关于如何看待自己,自信一点！！
How we perceive ourselves is also a crtical element in how we are perceived by others. People who interview others for jobs and university admissions remember the way the candidates acted farbetter than they recall what they had to say.
How do people remember you? Everyone is self-conscious to a certain degree. The sad result is that the more we worry about how others think of us, the worse our presentation becomes,It is a healthy sort of pride that stems from hard-earned success and the sincere belief that more success it to come
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关于“Crsis”和防患于未然
In an unbalanced position the first side to take decisive action is the side that will end up writing the history books. Losing but being on the right side of history is only a consolation for your descendants, assuming you get to leave anything. The timing factor is doubly crtical because you can be both too early or toolate. You cannot simply complete your preparations and wait for opportuntiy to come to you.
we learn in these situations because a crisis requires atypical decisions. We find taht our usual patterns don't apply very well, the easy answers aren't available. In such a state more abstact and subjective factors of evaluation are forced into play. We don't have timefor much concrete analysis and hard data is hard to come by. This is when the great general distinguishes himself from the merely good one and where a political learder can achieve imortality.
Instead of fearing tese moments of maximum pressure and risk, we must accept them a inevitable and focus on improving our ablitly to predict them and to cope with their consequences.
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2011.12.31
by hammer
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