中美三个联合公报（中英对照）

用明亮的眼睛看

The first communique (1972-02-28), formally The Shanghai Communique, summarizes the landmark dialogue begun by President Richard Nixon and Premier Chou En-lai during February 1972.  
正文

中美联合公报
1972 年2月28日
应中华人民共和国总理周恩来的邀请，美利坚合众国总统理查德•尼克松自一九七二年二月二十一日至二月二十八日访问了中华人民共和国。陪同总统的有尼克松夫人、美国国务卿威廉•罗杰斯、总统助理亨利•基辛格博士和其他美国官员。
尼克松总统于二月二十一日会见了中国共产党主席毛泽东。两位领导人就中美关系和国际事务认真、坦率地交换了意见。
会议期间，尼克松总统和周恩来总理就两国关系的正常化和其他问题进行了广泛、认真和坦率的讨论。此外，国务卿威廉•罗杰斯和外交部长姬鹏飞也以同样精神进行了会谈。
尼克松总统及其一行访问了北京，参观了文化、工业和农业项目，还访问了杭州和上海，在那里继续同中国领导人进行讨论，并参观了类似的项目。
中华人民共和国和美利坚合众国领导人经过这么多年一直没有接触之后，理在有机会坦率地互相介绍彼此对各种问题的观点，对此，双方认为是有益的。他们回顾了经历着重大变化和巨大动荡的国际形势，阐明了各自的立场和态度。
中国方面声明：哪里有压迫，哪里就有反抗。国家要独立，民族要解放，人民要革命，已成为不可抗拒的历史潮流。国家不分大小，应该一律平等，大国不应欺负小国，强国不应欺负弱国。中国决不做超级大国，并且反对任何霸权主义和强权政治。中国方面表示：坚决支持一切被压迫人民和被压迫民族争取自由、解放的斗争；各国人民有权按照自己的意愿，选择本国的社会制度，有权维护本国独立、主权和领土完整，反对外来侵略、干涉、控制和颠覆。一切外国军队都应撤回本国去。中国方面表示：坚决支持越南、老挝、柬埔寨三国人民为实现自己的目标所作的努力，坚决支持越南南方共和临时革命政府的七点建议以及在今年二月对其中两个关键问题的说明和印度支那人民最高级会议联合声明；坚决支持朝鲜民主主义人民共和国政府一九七一年四月十二日提出的朝鲜和平统一的八点方案和取消"联合国韩国统一复兴委员会"的主张；坚决反对日本军国主义的复活和对外扩张，坚决支持日本人民要求建立一个独立、民主、和平和中立的日本的愿望；坚决主张印度和巴基斯坦按照联合国关系印巴问题的决议，立即把自己的军队全部撤回到本国境内以及查谟和克什米尔停火线的各自一方，坚决支持巴基斯坦政府和人民维护独立、主权的斗争以及查谟和克什米尔人民争取自决权的斗争。
美国方面声明：为了亚洲和世界的和平，需要对缓和当前的紧张局势和消除冲突的基本原因作出努力。美国将致力于建立公正而稳定的和平。这种和平是公正的，因为它满足各国人民和各国争取自由和进步的愿望。这种和平是稳定的，因为它消除外来侵略的危险。美国支持全世界各国人民在没有外来压力和干预的情况下取得个人自由和社会进步。美国相信，改善具有不同意识形态的国与国之间的联系，以便减少由于事故、错误估计或误会而引起的对峙的危险，有助于缓和紧张局势的努力。各国应该互相尊重并愿进行和平竞赛，让行动作出最后判断。任何国家都不应自称一贯正确，各国都要准备为了共同的利益重新检查自己的态度。美国强调：应该允许印度支那各国人民在不受外来干涉的情况下决定自己的命运；美国一贯的首要目标是谈判解决；越南共和国和美国在一九七二年一月二十七日提出的八点建议提供了实现这个目标的基础；在谈判得不到解决时，美国预计在符合印度支那每个国家自决这一目标的情况下从这个地区最终撤出所有美国军队。美国将保持其与大韩民国的密切联系和对它的支持；美国将支持大韩民国为谋求在朝鲜半岛缓和紧张局势和增加联系的努力。美国最高度地珍视同日本的友好关系，并将继续发展现存的紧密纽带。按照一九七一年十二月二十一日联合国安全理事会的决议，美国赞成印度和巴基斯坦之间的停火继续下去，并把全部军事力量撤至本国境内以及查谟和克什米尔停火线的各自一方；美国支持南亚各国人民和平地、不受军事威胁地建设自己的未来的权利，而不使这个地区成为大国竞争的目标。
中美两国的社会制度和对外政策有着本质的区别。但是，双方同意，各国不论社会制度如何，都应根据尊重各国主权和领土完整、不侵儿别国、不干涉别国内政、平等互利、和平共处的原则来处理国与国之间的关系。国际争端应在此基础上予以解决，而不诉诸武力和武力威胁。美国和中华人民共和国准备在他们的相互关系中实行这些原则。
考虑到国际关系的上述这些原则，双方声明：
中美两国关系走向正常化是符合所有国家的利益的；
双方都希望减少国际军事冲突的危险；

用明亮的眼睛看

　　十一、双方认为，国际社会应尊重西亚北非地区人民寻求变革、发展的愿望和诉求，鼓励本地区国家的有关各方通过包容、和平的政治对话途径化解分歧，支持本地区的国家和人民自主探索符合本国国情的和平、稳定、发展、民主、繁荣之路。双方主张，国际社会应尊重本地区国家的主权、独立、统一和领土完整，加强对其经济援助与合作，推动热点问题解决进程，为地区和平、稳定与发展发挥积极、建设性作用。

　　十二、双方主张尽快寻求叙利亚问题的政治解决，反对外来军事干涉，敦促叙利亚政府及有关各方尽快停止杀戮和一切暴力活动。中方赞赏阿拉伯国家联盟为推动政治解决叙利亚问题所作的积极努力。

　　十三、双方主张维护联合国在国际事务中的核心地位和作用，重申有必要对联合国进行改革，重申应解决非洲国家遭受的历史不公，优先增加非洲国家在联合国安理会和其他各机构的代表性。

　　十四、双方主张不同文明相互尊重，支持通过开展包容、开放的对话，相互借鉴，促进世界文明的繁荣。

　　十五、访问期间，双方签署了以下文件：

　　《中华人民共和国政府和阿拉伯埃及共和国政府经济技术合作协定》、《中华人民共和国科学技术部和阿拉伯埃及共和国农业与农垦部关于加强中埃农业技术研究示范基地合作的协议》、《中华人民共和国工业和信息化部与阿拉伯埃及共和国通信和信息技术部信息通信领域合作谅解备忘录》、《中华人民共和国环境保护部与阿拉伯埃及共和国环境事务国务部环境合作谅解备忘录》、《中华人民共和国国家旅游局与阿拉伯埃及共和国旅游部旅游合作执行计划》、《中国国家开发银行股份有限公司对埃及国民银行2亿美元授信协议》、《中国国家开发银行股份有限公司与埃及科研部规划咨询合作框架协议》。

　　十六、穆尔西总统对胡锦涛主席及中方在其访华期间给予的热情友好接待深表感谢。

二0一二年八月三十日于北京

用明亮的眼睛看

中华人民共和国和阿拉伯埃及共和国联合新闻公报

中国 埃及


中华人民共和国和阿拉伯埃及共和国联合新闻公报

　　一、应中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛邀请，阿拉伯埃及共和国总统穆罕默德·穆尔西于2012年8月28日至30日对中华人民共和国进行国事访问。中国国家主席胡锦涛、全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员长吴邦国、国务院总理温家宝、国家副主席习近平分别与穆尔西总统举行了会谈和会见。两国领导人就双边关系和共同关心的国际、地区问题交换了意见，达成广泛共识。

　　二、双方强调，阿拉伯埃及共和国是最早承认中华人民共和国的阿拉伯和非洲国家，两国建交56年来，特别是1999年建立战略合作关系以来，双边关系不断巩固和深化，务实合作不断加强，实现了互利共赢，两国人民友谊历久弥坚。

　　三、中方尊重埃及人民自主选择政治制度和发展道路的权利，欢迎自2011年1月25日以来阿拉伯埃及共和国在和平政治过渡后取得的积极成果，祝贺埃及人民完成总统选举并组建新政府，支持埃方为实现经济、社会发展和人民的进步与福祉所作的一切努力，祝愿埃及人民在国家建设与发展的道路上不断取得新的成就。埃方强调恪守一个中国政策，支持中国政府在台湾、涉藏、涉疆等问题上的立场。

　　四、双方强调，愿在不断发展变化的国际形势下继续加强双方传统关系，不断开辟新的前景，密切合作，携手共进，在相互尊重、平等互利基础上进一步巩固中埃传统友谊，不断充实两国战略合作关系内涵，全面规划两国未来关系发展，以造福两国和两国人民。

　　五、双方愿进一步巩固两国政治关系，密切高层往来，增进两国政府、议会、政党、社会团体之间的各层次交往，交流治国理政、改革发展方面的经验，进一步健全并充分发挥业已存在的各交流及合作机制的作用。

　　六、双方认为，各领域务实合作是双边关系的重要组成部分。中方赞赏埃方提出的重振国家经济方略，将继续鼓励更多中国企业赴埃及投资兴业，并愿为埃及经济发展提供力所能及的帮助。双方表示将积极推动经贸往来，拓展在基础设施建设、农业、科技、卫生、交通、能源、金融、旅游、通讯、环境等领域的合作，对稳步推进苏伊士经贸合作区等项目建设表示欢迎。

　　七、双方认为，应进一步密切在国际和地区事务中的协调与合作。中方支持埃及作为地区重要核心国家和中坚力量，在国际和地区事务中发挥更大作用。埃方赞赏并支持中方为维护发展中国家利益、促进发展中国家团结与合作所作的努力。

　　八、双方对中国-阿拉伯国家合作论坛的创立和发展，以及在论坛框架下确立中阿“全面合作，共同发展”的战略合作关系感到满意，对2012年5月在突尼斯共和国举行的论坛第五届部长级会议取得的积极成果表示高度赞赏。双方愿继续共同努力，推进论坛建设，推动中阿战略合作关系不断深入发展。双方欢迎根据在突尼斯召开的论坛第五届部长级会议通过的《中阿合作论坛2012年至2014年行动执行计划》，适时在埃及召开首届中阿旅游合作暨旅游投资大会。

　　九、双方认为，发展中非新型战略伙伴关系符合双方根本和战略利益，中非合作论坛作为中非之间集体对话的重要平台和务实合作的有效机制，对促进中非关系发展发挥着不可替代的作用。双方高度评价2012年7月在北京举行的论坛第五届部长级会议取得的成果。在筹备会议过程中，双方作为论坛共同主席国密切磋商与配合，为会议成功作出了重要贡献。双方愿共同努力落实好后续行动，进一步加强论坛建设，推动中非关系取得更大发展。

　　十、双方重申支持巴勒斯坦人民建立以1967年边界为基础、以东耶路撒冷为首都、拥有完全主权的独立的巴勒斯坦国，支持巴勒斯坦加入联合国等国际组织。支持国际社会进一步加大劝和促谈力度，推动巴以双方通过和平谈判最终实现巴勒斯坦问题的全面、公正解决。中方对埃方为促进巴以和平、推动巴勒斯坦人民内部和解所作贡献表示高度赞赏。埃方对中方在支持巴勒斯坦人民正义事业、维护中东地区和平稳定方面所作努力予以高度评价。

用明亮的眼睛看

6. Having in mind the foregoing statements of both sides, the United States Government states that it does not seek to carry out a long-term policy of arms sales to Taiwan, that its arms sales to Taiwan will not exceed, either in qualitative or in quantitative terms, the level of those supplied in recent years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States and China, and that it intends to reduce gradually its sales of arms to Taiwan, leading over a period of time to a final resolution. In so stating, the United States acknowledges China's consistent position regarding the thorough settlement of this issue.
7. In order to bring about, over a period of time, a final settlement of the question of United States arms sales to Taiwan, which is an issue rooted in history, the two governments will make every effort to adopt measures and create conditions conducive to the thorough settlement of this issue.
8. The development of United States-China relations is not only in the interest of the two peoples but also conducive to peace and stability in the world. The two sides are determined, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit, to strengthen their- ties to the economic, cultural, educational, scientific, technological and other fields and make strong. joint efforts for the continued development of relations between the governments and peoples of the United States and China.
9. In order to bring about the healthy development of United States China relations, maintain world peace and oppose aggression and expansion, the two governments reaffirm the principles agreed on by the two sides in the Shanghai Communique and the Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations. The two sides will maintain contact and hold appropriate consultations on bilateral and international issues of common interest.

用明亮的眼睛看

1. In the Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations on January 1, 1979, issued by the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the People's Republic of China, the United States of America recognized the Government of the People's Republic of China as the sole legal government of China, and it acknowledged the Chinese position that there is but one China and Taiwan is part of China. Within that context, the two sides agreed that the people of the United States would continue to maintain cultural, commercial, and other unofficial relations with the people of Taiwan. On this basis, relations between the United States and China were normalized.
2. The question of United States arms sales to Taiwan was not settled in the course of negotiations between the two countries on establishing diplomatic relations. The two sides held differing positions, and the Chinese side stated that it would raise the issue again following normalization. Recognizing that this issue would seriously hamper the development of United States-China relations, they have held further discussions on it, during and since the meetings between President Ronald Reagan and Premier Zhao Ziyang and between Secretary of State Alexander M. Haig, Jr., and Vice Premier and Foreign Minister Huang Hua in October 1981.
3. Respect for each other's sovereignty and territorial integrity and non-interference each other's internal affairs constitute the fundamental principles guiding United States-China relations. These principles were confirmed in the Shanghai Communique of February 28, 1972 and reaffirmed in the Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations which came into effect on January 1, 1973. Both sides emphatically state that these principles continue to govern all aspects of their relations.
4. The Chinese government reiterates that the question of Taiwan is China's internal affair. The Message to the Compatriots in Taiwan issued by China on January 1, 1979, promulgated a fundamental policy of striving for Peaceful reunification of the Motherland. The Nine-Point Proposal put forward by China on September 30, 1981 represented a Further major effort under this fundamental policy to strive for a peaceful solution to the Taiwan question.
5. The United States Government attaches great importance to its relations with China, and reiterates that it has no intention of infringing on Chinese sovereignty and territorial integrity, or interfering in China's internal affairs, or pursuing a policy of "two Chinas" or "one China, one Taiwan." The United States Government understands and appreciates the Chinese policy of striving for a peaceful resolution of the Taiwan question as indicated in China's Message to Compatriots in Taiwan issued on January 1, 1979 and the Nine-Point Proposal put forward by China on September 30, 1981. The new situation which has emerged with regard to the Taiwan question also provides favorable conditions for the settlement of United States-China differences over the question of United States arms sales to Taiwan.

用明亮的眼睛看

六、考虑到双方的上述声明，美国政府声明，它不寻求执行一项长期向台湾出售武器的政策，它向台湾出售的武器在性能和数量上将不超过中美建交后近几年供应的水平，它准备逐步减少它对台湾的武器出售，并经过一段时间导致最后的解决。在作这样的声明时，美国承认中国关于彻底解决这一问题的一贯立场。
七、为了使美国售台武器这个历史遗留的问题，经过一段时间最终得到解决，两国政府将尽一切努力，采取措施，创造条件，以利于彻底解决这个问题。
八、中美关系的发展不仅符合两国人民的利益，而且也有利于世界和平与稳定。双方决心本着平等互利的原则，加强经济、文化、教育、科技和其他方面的联系，为继续发展中美两国政府和人民之间的关系共同作出重大努力。
九、为了使中美关系健康发展和维护世界和平、反对侵略扩张，两国政府重申上海公报和建交公报中双方一致同意的各项原则。双方将就共同关心的双边问题和国际问题保持接触并进行适当的磋商。

用明亮的眼睛看

中华人民共和国和美利坚合众国联合公报, 1982年 8月 17日
Sino-US Joint Communique, 17 August 1982
SINO-US JOINT COMMUNIQUE
17 August 1982


一、在中华人民共和国政府和美利坚合众国政府发表的一九七九年一月一日建立外交关系的联合公报中，美利坚合众国承认中华人民共和国政府是中国的唯一合法政府，并承认中国的立场，即只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。在此范围内，双方同意，美国人民将同台湾人民继续保持文化、商务和其他非官方关系。在此基础上，中美两国关系实现了正常化。
二、美国向台湾出售武器的问题在两国谈判建交的过程中没有得到解决。双方的立场不一致，中方声明在正常化以后将再次提出这个问题。双方认识到这一问题将会严重妨碍中美关系的发展，因而在赵紫阳总理与罗纳德•里根总统以及黄华副总理兼外长与亚历山大•黑格国务卿于一九八一年十月会见时以及在此以后，双方进一步就此进行了讨论。
三、互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不干涉内政是指导中美关系的根本原则。一九七二年二月二十八的上海公报确认了这些原则。一九七九年一月一日生效的建交公报又重申了这些原则。双方强调声明，这些原则仍是指导双方关系所有方面的原则。
四、中国政府重申，台湾问题是中国的内政。一九七九年一月一日中国发表的告台湾同胞书宣布了争取和平统一祖国的大政方针。一九八一年九月三十日中国提出的九点方针是按照这一大政方针争取和平解决台湾问题的进一步重大努力。
五、美国政府非常重视它与中国的关系，并重申，它无意侵犯中国的主权和领土完整，无意干涉中国的内政，也无意执行"两个中国"或"一中一台"政策。美国政府理解并欣赏一九七九年一月一日中国发表的告台湾同胞书和一九八一年九月三十日中国提出的九点方针中所表明的中国争取和平解决台湾问题的政策。台湾问题上出现的新形势也为解决中美两国在美国售台武器问题上的分歧提供了有利的条件。

用明亮的眼睛看

JOINT COMMUNIQUE ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS
BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
1 JANUARY 1979
(The communique was released on December 15, 1978, in Washington and Peking.)
The United States of America and the People's Republic of China have agreed to recognize each other and to establish diplomatic relations as of January 1, 1979.
The United States of America recognizes the Government of the People's Republic of China as the sole legal Government of China. Within this context, the people of the United States will maintain cultural, commercial, and other unofficial relations with the people of Taiwan.
The United States of America and the People's Republic of China reaffirm the principles agreed on by the two sides in the Shanghai Communique and emphasize once again that:
--Both wish to reduce the danger of international military conflict.
--Neither should seek hegemony in the Asia-Pacific region or in any other region of the world and each is opposed to efforts by any other country or group of countries to establish such hegemony.
--Neither is prepared to negotiate on behalf of any third party or to enter into agreements or understandings with the other directed at other states.
--The Government of the United States of America acknowledges the Chinese position that there is but one China and Taiwan is part of China.
--Both believe that normalization of Sino-American relations is not only in the interest of the Chinese and American peoples but also contributes to the cause of peace in Asia and the world.
The United States of America and the People's Republic of China will exchange Ambassadors and establish Embassies on March 1, 1979.

用明亮的眼睛看

The second communique (1979-01-01), The Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations, formally announces the commencement of normal relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China.  
正文

中华人民共和国和美利坚合众国关于建立外交关系的联合公报
1979 年1月1日
中华人民共和国和美利坚合众国商定自一九七九年一月一日起互相承认并建立外交关系。
美利坚合众国承认中华人民共和国政府是中国的唯一合法政府。在此范围内，美国人民将同台湾人民保持文化、商务和其他非官方关系。
中华人民共和国和美利坚合众国重申上海公报中双方一致同意的各项原则，并再次强调：
双方都希望减少国际军事冲突的危险。
任何一方都不应该在亚洲－太平洋地区以及世界上任何地区谋求霸权，每一方都反对任何国家或国家集团建立这种霸权的努力。
或国家集团建立这种霸权的努力。
任何一方都不准备代表任何第三方进行谈判，也不准备同对方达成针对其他国家的协议或谅解。
美利坚合众国政府承认中国的立场，即只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。
双方认为，中美关系正常化不仅符合中国人民和美国人民的利益，而且有助于亚洲和世界的和平事业。
中华人民共和国和美利坚合众国将于一九七九年三月一日互派大使并建立大使馆。

用明亮的眼睛看

Both sides are of the view that it would be against the interests of the peoples of the world for any major country to collude with another against other countries, or for major countries to divide up the world into spheres of interest.
The two sides reviewed the long-standing serious disputes between China and the United States. The Chinese reaffirmed its position: The Taiwan question is the crucial question obstructing the normalization of relations between China and the United States; the Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government of China; Taiwan is a province of China which has long been returned to the motherland; the liberation of Taiwan is China's internal affair in which no other country has the right to interfere; and all U.S. forces and military installations must be withdrawn from Taiwan. The Chinese Government firmly opposes any activities which aim at the creation of "one China, one Taiwan," "one China, two governments," "two Chinas," and "independent Taiwan" or advocate that "the status of Taiwan remains to be determined."
The U.S. side declared: The United States acknowledges that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain there is but one China and that Taiwan is a part of China. The United States Government does not challenge that position. It reaffirms its interest in a peaceful settlement of the Taiwan question by the Chinese them-selves. With this prospect in mind, it affirms the ultimate objective of the withdrawal of all U.S. forces and military installations from Taiwan. In the meantime, it will progressively reduce its forces and military installations on Taiwan as the tension in the area diminishes.
The two sides agreed that it is desirable to broaden the understanding between the two peoples. To this end, they discussed specific areas in such fields as science, technology, culture, sports and journalism, in which people-to-people contacts and exchanges would be mutually beneficial. Each side undertakes to facilitate the further development of such contacts and exchanges.
Both sides view bilateral trade as another area from which mutual benefit can be derived, and agreed that economic relations based on equality and mutual benefit are in the interest of the peoples of the two countries. They agree to facilitate the progressive development of trade between their two countries.
The two sides agreed that they will stay in contact through various channels, including the sending of a senior U.S. representative to Peking from time to time for concrete consultations to further the normalization of relations between the two countries and continue to exchange views on issues of common interest.
The two sides expressed the hope that the gains achieved during this visit would open up new prospects for the relations between the two countries. They believe that the normalization of relations between the two countries is not only in the interest of the Chinese and American peoples but also contributes to the relaxation of tension in Asia and the world.
President Nixon, Mrs. Nixon and the American party expressed their appreciation for the gracious hospitality shown them by the Govern-ment and people of the People's Republic of China.