我发现豆瓣的评论，大多评论起这本书，都在讲它的社会意义，讲它的背景，或者从中得出什么高深哲理。
而在豆瓣之外，有关它的介绍也是如此。
真是叫我困惑。
其实这本书最大的价值，在于它的趣味性，至于社会价值什么的，什么资本主义开扩精神之类的话，层出不穷。
其实帧要说意义的话，就在于它开发了一个独特的世界，一个人，在一个孤岛上，是如何生活的。
这么说吧，当忙活了一天，然后靠在温暖的床上或者沙发上，泡上一杯麦片，一边读着主人公在摘葡萄干种面包，一边吃着葡萄干和面包，才是本书带给人们最大的价值~
也就是说此书的文学价值和趣味价值的比重如果是九，其他的就是一。作者: 白银那 时间: 2013-10-29 08:41
这是我经典名著之旅的第一站。
看到这本书的评价：每个小男孩都有一颗航海的心。我就不可抑制地想要看这本书。中途有一两次想放弃，我为啥要花时间在这个看起来重复的故事上？但每次又说服自己要有始有终。于是，我坚持了下来，读完了它。
鲁滨逊总是有一颗躁动不安的心，只要他活着，如果他生活在现代的中国，肯定一直梦想着去远方，也会努力地实践着。
但是在宗教信仰方面，我就不知道他是否会皈依我佛，因为中国的传统佛教根本不像基督教一样会通过文字传递。那么当他一个人地处荒岛时，如何通过宗教媒介达到平衡自己的内心世界呢！
人们常说，名著应该在中学时期最远在大学时期读一读，那时更容易被触动。我中学时期只看过几本言情几本武侠很多知音和《钢铁是怎样炼成的》《江姐》，大学时期开始有更多的机会接触名著，那时过得浑浑噩噩，看书总是半途而废。而现在我已经23岁了，才开始想着将逝去的名著阅读时间找回来，会不会晚？我不去管这个，因为在我的脑海里，什么时候开始都不迟，迟的是总是迟疑踌躇，不去开始不去坚持。
跟着鲁滨逊去冒险，去远方，我觉得是一件很美的事！让我知道海洋除了“温文尔雅”还有“怒火熏天”，让我知道为啥当初英国人葡萄牙人西班牙人是去了北美去了巴西而不是来到了中国找到了印度，让我明白美好的国度是靠自己去践行的而不是靠想象可以抵达的。
谢谢笛福！ 作者: 舞狼 时间: 2013-10-29 10:33
感谢上帝给我的一切，我的遭遇没有变得更坏，怀有一颗感恩的心，保持积极的态度。同伴葬身大海，而鲁本逊孤身一人流落荒岛的时候，面对的是无尽的孤独和多得数不清的困难、恐惧。在这种艰难无助绝望的环境下，鲁本逊之所以能走出了这种另人绝望的泥潭，他付出了劳动和智慧，最主要的是学会了感恩，有了积极的面对生活的态度，最终过上了希望的生活。鲁本逊的遭遇和经历，诠释了人活着的意义。作者: maveri 时间: 2013-10-29 12:25
One day, somehow you are flung down into a completely strange island. Being shocked and confused, you slowly recover your consciousness and come to realize the situation. Pouring rain splashes the ground while lightning flashes across the sky. Thick clouds prevent the sun from shedding its beam. Roaring beasts lurk in the jungle and, with wind, its roar echo so far to pack a visceral punch. As hope of rescue sliding into oblivion, doom is looming up in this pathetic world. If there is any title that fits this scenario, that would be 2012.
This is the setting of Robin Crusoe, the ground breaking novel in the history of English literature. Published on April 25, 1719, it was written by British novelist Daniel Defoe and duly gained its well reception from the public. It’s said that Robinson Crusoe had spawned more than seven hundred alternative versions and was translated even in languages such as Inuit, Coptic, and Maltese. People even create a word “Robinsonade” to describe books that featuring the same genre of Robinson Crusoe. (Wikipedia, 2012)
The plot of the book is about the adventure of Robinson Crusoe. Against the backdrop of imperial colonialism and oceanic exploration, Robinson, just like many others in his time, defied his parents’ wish and set off to the sea to fulfill his dream of being an adventurer. Yet the course of his pursuit never did run smooth. Many a time he was either marooned or wrecked during his expedition before miraculously find rescue. In spite of continuous setbacks, the intoxicating excitement of adventure kept him so spellbound that he constantly summoned up his courage to sail out again and again. Pride will have a fall, and he is no exception. Robinson was finally penalized by a vicious storm. With his ship wrecked, his dream sunk into the ocean of oblivion alone with the wreckage and his companions’ bodies. Nevertheless the storm didn’t take away his life. Instead, it gave him a brand new one. As a lone survivor, Robinson drifted to a hitherto unknown island. The situation is just as dire as what had been described in the first paragraph. Yet it is exactly under this circumstance that gave rise to an outer heaven.
The island, or, more accurately, the new world, is the central stage of Robinson Crusoe. It distinguishes the novel from many others as it provides a different setting, one that has none of the traditional features of human society and requires new approaches to assess. Readers must abandon their take-for-granted cognitive system in this island and follow nature’s rules, which render it a fine subject for Reader-oriented studies. According to Reader-oriented theories (Selden, 2004), perceivers of a text should play an active role in processing and constructing the meaning. The text itself has no existential meaning until it is perceived through the codes applied by the readers. This activity is like a transaction. Readers receive input from the text, process it with their cognitive codes, and then produce their own understanding. It is through this interaction between readers and text that the existing world of the novel emerges. Yet different readers have different codes in their mind that could lead to various understandings. This is due to “the framework of concepts and assumptions” (Selden, 2004) in readers’ mind may vary through the passage of time, development of science and culture. In Hans Robert Jauss’ words (2004), this means the changing of “horizon of expectation”. Readers’ criteria of judging about a text are by no means unchangeable. Selden held similar opinion as he wrote “a literary work is not an object which stands by itself and which offers the same face to each reader in each period”. (2004) Moreover, “our consciousness both projects the things of the world and at the same time is subjected to the world by the very nature of existence in the world”. (Heidegger, 2004) Although the readers take the initiative by assessing the text through their own cognitive codes, their conception are still subject to the influence of the framework they have in mind. So, in order to assess the text from a more objective viewpoint, an integrated approach which combines the horizon of expectation form different periods should be adopted. That is to say, the interpretation of Robinson Crusoe should be conducted from both the past and the present framework of understanding. Standing upon such an inclusive point of departure, the interfering elements, which are imposed by the prevalent framework of understanding from different eras, can be reduced to a satisfactory range.
18th century is the prime time when the Great Britain develops at full throttle. With Spain and Netherland, the two naval giant who stood at its path to hegemony, soundly defeated, the Great Britain cements its control over the sea and stretch its hand to every potentially profitable corner on the world, nearly leaving no stone unturned. It is from the outset of such that the adventure of Robinson Crusoe begins. Inheriting those great navigators’ DNA, namely, Amerigo Vespucci, Ferdinand Magellan, Diogo Ribeiro, Robinson is enthralled by their thrilling experiences and inspired by their heroic spirits. It is only a matter of time for him to follow his Renaissance predecessors’ path and sail towards “terra incognita” (Ptolemy, 2006) – a typical demonstration of the young’s idiosyncrasy in his time. Driven by their daring and aggressive nature, taking pride in their supreme ethnic status in the world, this generation continuously set sail to the sea, hunting for treasure, uncharted territory, and traditional glory. At that time, these were usually hailed as heartening deeds. However, judging from modern time viewpoint, these people are transmogrified into vanguards that bring about calamity. Insidious trade that blemishes human history, regional conflicts that burns the ground of neighborhoods, poignant destitute that plagues people for centuries, all of these are more or less attributed to those great expeditions. Furthermore, the age of sail also shaped the adventurous spirit into the backbone of the British. The traditional glory derives both a sense of honor concerning expedition and pressure of its maintenance to their descendants. They admire the achievements of their fathers, and are eager to maintain these glorious legacies. Many British still engage in expedition, especially on sea today. To give several examples, in literature there are Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island and H. Rider Haggard’s King Solomon’s Mine. In reality, sadly, there is Robert Falcon Scott. The Royal Navy officer’s ill-fated venture to South Pole ended up in disastrous fashion with his team being firstly thrashed by the Roald Amundsen-led Norwegian expedition, and then annihilated by the malicious weather on their way home. The disaster reveals another aspect of the British traditional spirit of adventure. They tend to halo those who give everything including life on their course. They usually put the expedition at first place and their lives come only second. In every adventure, it surely will be dangerous. Yet for the British to die on the road of some grand journey is nothing ignominious. Rather, they see it as a decent, or, even heroic and moving ending. The origin? Most likely derived from the era Robinson lived. In this sense, it may explain why Robinson is so addicted to his journey despite the menacing threats he constantly came across. In contrast, the Norwegian creed of adventure is simple – “you go and you come back whole”. (Alexander, 2011)
Following the discussion of our world is the discussion of the island. Virtually, this is another world. For one thing, here is a heaven for every explorer. For another, none of human society’s rules and regulations can exert its power here.
A look in the past will find sufficient evidence to support the claim that it is a heaven. Discovery of new land, sole occupation, fertile soil, obedient servant, together these things well represent the dream of the explorers at that time. Robinson came to realize it all on the island. He made himself the king of the island and built up the kingdom day by day. At first he was only concerned about his own safety, food supply, etc. Then he slowly found out that this place, rather than a living hell, was actually a land of wonder, a new frontier entirely intact from human exploitation. More importantly, he alone possessed it all. Under his reign, plantation vibrantly grew over the ground; flocks casually scattered across the land; defense firmly fortified with guns and powders in stock; even the barbaric Friday turned civilized to help him governed the island. This is why readers at that time didn’t bear much tragic feelings towards Robinson. Rather, when it’s time for Robinson to leave the island, they are prompt to run sentiment since they as well have to bid farewell to this place. For them, the island is exactly what the explorers and navigators have been looking for – an ultimate dream destination that suits the then prevalent ideal. It is safe to say that Robinson stands out as an icon that inspire and encourage many readers at his time and on to embark on their own voyage.
From a comparatively modern viewpoint, readers’ attention naturally shifts to the island’s unique, exclusive existence. This place is simply out of the grid – an outer world. If you are bored with your jobs, sick of your boss, tired of pretense, have enough with the hypocrites, frustrated by the reality, disappointed at the world, cannot stomach your assignments anymore such as a two-thousand-word thesis, I hereby extend my sincere congratulations to you on that you can find yourself a lovely shelter in Robinson Crusoe. On the island there is no trace of those suffocating rules and regulations from modern society; neither does it have any nuisance to spoil your mood. You can embrace freedom here like never before and this is thing that touches present readers most. Readers always seek resonance with their real life in literary works. As for the contemporary ones, the mounting pressure from different aspects of life forges a heart yearning for solace. It is not some beautiful words or stacks of money but a tranquil place that can calm people’s mind, that can make you sit down and enjoy nature’s beauty without the slightest bit of anxiety in human society. On Robinson’s island readers are entirely held in nature’s power. For them the reading process transforms into a pleasant journey in a hideout resort. A world they may linger on and on.
Through the above discussion, the combination of readers’ response in both past and present naturally sparks the term “Outer Heaven” (Kojima, 2010) off my mind. It perfectly presents the readers’ passion for adventure in the Robinson’s age as well as the modern opinion that regards the island as a runaway paradise. Still, all the discussion is subject to our contemporary “paradigm”. (Kuhn, 2004) To completely break away from the current cognitive framework seem impossible. So to integrate past and present opinions and give a comprehensive conclusion are the best one can do. Furthermore, maybe there is still another thing, to wait for the future trend of understandings. 作者: 琪馨馨 时间: 2013-10-29 13:00
理性既是數學本質和基礎，只要我們對於一切事情都用理性加以分析，加以比較， 加以清楚的判斷，人遲早都可以掌握一種工藝技術。 在造物手中，人生是怎樣一個光怪陸離的東西！在不同的環境中，人類的感情怎樣 變幻無常！我們今天所愛的，往往是我們明天所恨的，我們今天所追求的，往往是 我們明天所逃避的，我們今天所願望的，往往是我們明天所害怕的， 甚至是膽戰心驚的。 作者: 电炉猫 时间: 2013-10-29 13:33
哲学思想，从古到今，外国（欧洲、亚洲）的往往囿于宗教，离不开所谓存在、永恒、绝对、精神、物质等等的正反面的问题。中国的则往往囿于政治，离不开人情、人事、实用。传统文化不同，中国一般人不容易懂得外国人的宗教感情。外国人不容易懂得中国人的政治意识。