鲁多夫·奥伊肯（鲁道夫·克里斯托夫·奥肯Rudolf Christoph Eucken，1846-1926）德国哲学家。1908年度诺贝尔文学奖获得者。获奖理由： “他对真理的热切追求、他对思想的贯通能力、他广阔的观察，以及他在无数作品中，辩解并阐释一种理想主义的人生哲学时，所流露的热诚与力量” 。
获奖作品：《精神生活漫笔》 原著名称：Collected Essaies of R. Eucken
作者: 我思故我在 时间: 2013-7-16 14:16
This life sustains the entire structure ofthe universe, from inanimate matter up to the highest manifestations of man's intelligence and personality.
Logic,mathematics, science, art, law, morality and religion are all modes of manifestation of this central life. Man is essentially aspiritual being, and a partaker in the originative and eternalreality; yet at the same time he is largely immersed in the life ofnature ( which is looked upon asa lower and unevolved stage ofreality), and in order to realise his own being he must endeavour to ascend towards the higher levels of reality.
But this cannot be done without effort and activity, without a pressing forward and anovercoming of resistance.
Hence the term Activism. All our human faculties intellectual, esthetic, practical,ethical and religious find their only true function in promotingthis ascent in the scale of being.
Viewed from the standpoint of Eucken's philosophy, human existence is one vast process of therealisation and appropriation of spiritual reality. A unity and ameaning is thus imparted to the whole. All the difficulties andantitheses of our life ultimately subserve this great purpose.
It is of the utmost importance, however, to bear in mind that this process is not automatic. Man's active participation is essential to the movement of elevation. 作者: 我思故我在 时间: 2013-7-16 14:18
Human evolution is, no mereunwinding of thread from a reel: it is a creative work in which manis a co-worker.
Eucken seeks to bring into the apparently almosthopeless chaos of modern life and thought a positive, unifying metaphysical principle a principle that embraces all the different departments of human life and interest, scientific and religious, practical and theoretical, artistic and moral, and endeavours to assign to each its function in the task of the whole.
It will be found that all the following essays are inspired and connected by the central convictions thus imperfectly sketched. The historical contributions are not mere records of past opinions. They are animated by a deep conviction that man's intellectual, moral andreligious life is an ever-growing and ever deepening possession, and that every great and sincere thinker contributes something to the advancement of the whole not withstanding the popular belief that the history of philosophy is a mere record of transitory opinions.
The serious student of Eucken will do well, I think, to read with especial care the two essays dealing with Goethe and with Concepts( Nos. XV and XIX). The relationship between the great poet's ideasand the philosophy of Activism is very intimate, despite important differences.作者: 我思故我在 时间: 2013-7-16 14:22
他获得1908年度诺贝尔文学奖，是继特奥多尔·蒙森之后又一位文学圈外获奖者。奥肯作为哲家家获得诺贝尔文学奖，除了他在哲学上享有世界性声誉的成就外，还得助于瑞典皇家科学家及其同事们。
